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  2. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics , and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π , to avoid relying on the definition of the length ...

  3. Six nines in pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_nines_in_pi

    A sequence of six consecutive nines occurs in the decimal representation of the number pi (π), starting at the 762nd decimal place. [1] [2] It has become famous because of the mathematical coincidence, and because of the idea that one could memorize the digits of π up to that point, and then suggest that π is rational.

  4. Chronology of computation of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_computation...

    Pi, (equal to 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288) is a mathematical sequence of numbers. The table below is a brief chronology of computed numerical values of, or ...

  5. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  6. Pi function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_function

    (Pi function) – the gamma function when offset to coincide with the factorial Rectangular function π ( n ) {\displaystyle \pi (n)\,\!} – the Pisano period

  7. Piphilology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piphilology

    The word is a play on the word "pi" itself and of the linguistic field of philology. There are many ways to memorize π, including the use of piems (a portmanteau, formed by combining pi and poem), which are poems that represent π in a way such that the length of each word (in letters) represents a digit. [1]

  8. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    The trigonometric functions are periodic with common period , so for values of θ outside the interval (,], they take repeating values (see § Shifts and periodicity above). Angle sum and difference identities

  9. List of formulae involving π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formulae_involving_π

    where C is the circumference of a circle, d is the diameter, and r is the radius.More generally, = where L and w are, respectively, the perimeter and the width of any curve of constant width.