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The addictive nature of certain prescription drugs stems from their impact on the brain's ‘reward system’ . [13] Some addictive drugs stimulate the release of dopamine, a hormone associated with pleasure and happiness, reinforcing the desire for continued drug use. [14] A simple analogy of the 'brain reward' system
Prescription drug addiction is the chronic, repeated use of a prescription drug in ways other than prescribed for, including using someone else’s prescription. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A prescription drug is a pharmaceutical drug that may not be dispensed without a legal medical prescription .
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
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The article detailed the various techniques that the pharmaceutical company Insys Therapeutics used to push its highly addictive fentanyl-based painkiller Subsys into the marketplace, including ...
In 2016, the World Health Organization estimates 34 million people used opioids and 19 million used opiates. [1] Of these, about 27 million people had opioid dependence, with the majority—but a decreasing number—using illicit heroin. [1] In 2015, 118,000 people died from opioid use disorders, causing almost one third of all drug related ...
[46] [47] [48] This practice has now led to a new and growing problem with addiction and misuse of opioids. [ 39 ] [ 49 ] Because of various negative effects the use of opioids for long-term management of chronic pain is not indicated unless other less risky pain relievers have been found ineffective.
Since 2000, fatal overdose rates involving heroin and prescription painkillers have increased by 200 percent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From 2013 to 2014 alone, the rates jumped by 14 percent.