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Janice E. Thomson, Mercenaries, pirates, and sovereigns: state-building and extraterritorial violence in early modern Europe Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN 1-4008-0801-4 Describes the building of the modern state system through the states' "monopolization of extraterritorial violence."
The Swiss mercenaries were a powerful infantry force constituted by professional soldiers originating from the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. [1] They were notable for their service in foreign armies, especially among the military forces of the kings of France , throughout the early modern period of European history, from the Late Middle ...
The vast majority of the Carthaginian military – except the highest officers, the navy, and the home guard – were mercenaries. [41] Xanthippus of Carthage was a Spartan mercenary general employed by Carthage. Greek mercenaries were hired by Carthage to fight against the Dionysius I of Syracuse. Dionysius made Carthage pay a very high ransom ...
The Croatian Air Force Legion, as part of the German Luftwaffe fought in World War II on the Axis' side; The Croatian Anti-Aircraft Legion, as part of the German Luftwaffe fought in World War II on the Axis' side; The Croatian Naval Legion, as part of the German the Kriegsmarine, fought in World War II on the Black Sea
Sol Litman of the Simon Wiesenthal Center states that there are many proven and documented incidents of atrocities and massacres committed by the unit against Poles and Jews during World War II. [45] Official SS records show that the 4, 5, 6 and 7 SS-Freiwilligen regiments were under Ordnungspolizei command during the accusations.
These units were all commanded by General Ernst August Köstring (1876−1953). [9] A lower estimate for the total number of foreign volunteers that served in the entire German armed forces (including the Waffen SS) is 350,000. [10] These units were often under the command of German officers and some published their own propaganda newssheets.
Freikorps (German: [ˈfʁaɪˌkoːɐ̯], "Free Corps" or "Volunteer Corps" [1]) were irregular German and other European paramilitary volunteer units that existed from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. They effectively fought as mercenaries or private military companies, regardless of their own nationality.
During World War II, the Waffen-SS recruited or conscripted significant numbers of non-Germans. Of a peak strength of 950,000 in 1944, the Waffen-SS consisted of some 400,000 “Reich Germans” and 310,000 ethnic Germans from outside Germany’s pre-1939 borders (mostly from German-occupied Europe ), the remaining 240,000 being non-Germans. [ 1 ]