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Maleic anhydride is a classic substrate for Diels-Alder reactions. [9] It was used for work in 1928, on the reaction between maleic anhydride and 1,3-butadiene, for which Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950. It is through this reaction that maleic anhydride is converted to many pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 C 2 (CO) 2 O. [1] It is related to maleic anhydride (MA) by replacement of the two CH units with CCH 3 groups. The compound can be prepared from two eqiuvalents of MA in the presence of 2-aminopyridine followed by treatment with sulfuric acid.
Maleic anhydride and styrene are known to form alternating copolymers, and are in fact the textbook case of this phenomenon. This is one reason that styrene has been so hard to displace in the market as the industry standard reactive diluent for unsaturated polyester resins, despite increasing efforts to displace the material such as California ...
The salt is stable for several hours in weakly acidic solution (pH> 4-7) even at 100 °C and for weeks in strongly alkaline solutions even at an elevated temperature (50 °C). Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate is classified as readily biodegradable according to OECD methods (OECD 302 B, 100% after 28 days and OECD 301 E, 78% after 28 days). [ 5 ]
The material is synthesized by the esterification of maleic acid or maleic anhydride and ethanol. [2] [3] [4] Uses.
Chemical structure of an alkylsuccinic anhydride derived from octadecene. Maleic anhydride undergoes the Alder-ene reaction with alkenes to give alkenylsuccinic anhydrides. Such compounds are sizing agents in the paper industry. In this role, the anhydride is proposed to form an ester with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose fibers. [8]
The reaction proceeds with about 70% selectivity. About 10% of maleic anhydride is also produced: C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2 + 7 + 1 / 2 O 2 → C 4 H 2 O 3 + 4 H 2 O + 4 CO 2. Phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride are recovered by distillation by a series of switch condensers.
Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA or SMAnh) is a synthetic polymer that is built-up of styrene and maleic anhydride monomers. In one copolymer , the monomers can be almost perfectly alternating. [ 1 ] but (random) copolymerisation with less than 50% maleic anhydride content is also possible. [ 2 ]