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Wheat germ or wheatgerm is a concentrated source of several essential nutrients, including vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphorus, thiamin, zinc, and magnesium, as well as essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols. [10] [11] It is a good source of fiber. [12] White bread is made using flour that has had the germ and bran removed. [13]
Sprouted grains, which also contain the bran, germ and endosperm, go through a soaking and germination process that boosts their nutrient availability and makes them easier to digest.
Standard white flour is made up of milled endosperm, but whole wheat flour is comprised of all three parts. This makes for a nutty flavor and nutrient-rich flour. (Try it in Ree's mom's muffins ...
The germ is the embryo of the seed that contains B vitamins and trace minerals. Because the germ has a fat content of 10%, [citation needed] it may reduce shelf-life. [citation needed] Thus, it is separated to ensure longer shelf life of the flour. In contrast to enriched flour, whole wheat flour contains both the bran and the germ.
White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500–900 microns ...
But only wheat can feasibly be sifted to produce pure white starch, a technique that goes back to at least ancient Egypt. [4] Because wheat was the most expensive grain to grow, and the process to sift it labor-intensive, white flour was generally limited to special occasions and the wealthy, until the mid-19th century.
Cruciferous vegetables, soybeans (including tofu), shiitake mushrooms, peanuts, wheat germ, almonds, kidney beans, lima beans, red potatoes and quinoa are plant-based sources of choline.
The tables below include tabular lists for selected basic foods, compiled from United States Dept. of Agriculture sources.Included for each food is its weight in grams, its calories, and (also in grams,) the amount of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, and saturated fat. [1]