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A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti , pineapple and some gymnosperm plants.
Other notable invasive plant species include floating pennywort, [58] Curly leaved pondweed, [57] the fern ally Water fern [57] and Parrot's feather. [59] Many of these invasive plants have been sold as oxygenating plants for aquaria or decorative plants for garden ponds and have then been disposed of into the environment. [57]
A hygrophyte (Greek hygros = wet + phyton = plant) is a plant that inhabits moist areas and is intolerant of dry conditions. [1] The species may inhabit wet and dark forests and islands, dense swamps, and wet meadows. Within the group of all types of terrestrial plants, they are least resistant to drought. [2] [3]
In ‘Plantesamfund’, Warming coined the words hydrophyte, mesophyte, xerophyte and halophyte. Hydrophyte - An aquatic plant; a plant which lives and grows in water. Mesophyte - A name given to plants which grow naturally in conditions of intermediate soil moisture. Xerophyte - A plant that is able to grow where the water supply is small.
Mesophytes are intermediate in water use and needs. These plants are found in average conditions of temperature and moisture and grow in soil that has no water logging. The roots of mesophytes are well developed, branched and provided with a root cap. The shoot system is well organised. The stem is generally aerial, branched, straight, thick ...
Life forms: (1) Phanerophyte, (2; 3) Chamaephyte, (4) Hemicryptophyte, (5; 6) Geophyte, (7) Helophyte, (8; 9) Hydrophyte. Therophyte and epiphyte are not shown. The Raunkiær system is a system for categorizing plants using life-form categories, devised by Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær and later extended by various authors.
Plants adapted to living in dry environments such as succulents, are termed xerophytes. Not all xerophytes are succulents, since there are other ways of adapting to a shortage of water, e.g., by developing small leaves which may roll up or having leathery rather than succulent leaves. [8]
The word derives from Ancient Greek ἅλας (halas) 'salt' and φυτόν (phyton) 'plant'. Halophytes have different anatomy, physiology and biochemistry than glycophytes. [1] An example of a halophyte is the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Relatively few plant species are halophytes—perhaps only 2% of all plant ...