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  2. Orthogonal complement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_complement

    In the mathematical fields of linear algebra and ... it is called the perp, short for perpendicular complement. It is a ... [3] [proof 1] that ...

  3. Ultraparallel theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraparallel_theorem

    Lines perpendicular to line l are modeled by chords whose extension passes through the pole of l. Hence we draw the unique line between the poles of the two given lines, and intersect it with the boundary circle; the chord of intersection will be the desired common perpendicular of the ultraparallel lines.

  4. Orthonormality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonormality

    What does a pair of orthonormal vectors in 2-D Euclidean space look like? Let u = (x 1, y 1) and v = (x 2, y 2).Consider the restrictions on x 1, x 2, y 1, y 2 required to make u and v form an orthonormal pair.

  5. Incidence geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence_geometry

    The theorem is: [14] In a projective plane, every non-collinear set of n points determines at least n distinct lines. As the authors pointed out, since their proof was combinatorial, the result holds in a larger setting, in fact in any incidence geometry in which there is a unique line through every pair of distinct points.

  6. Playfair's axiom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playfair's_axiom

    Given a line and a point P not on that line, construct a line, t, perpendicular to the given one through the point P, and then a perpendicular to this perpendicular at the point P. This line is parallel because it cannot meet ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } and form a triangle, which is stated in Book 1 Proposition 27 in Euclid's Elements . [ 15 ]

  7. Screw theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_theory

    A twist is a screw used to represent the velocity of a rigid body as an angular velocity around an axis and a linear velocity along this axis. All points in the body have the same component of the velocity along the axis, however the greater the distance from the axis the greater the velocity in the plane perpendicular to this axis.

  8. Power of a point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_a_point

    Secant-, chord-theorem. For the intersecting secants theorem and chord theorem the power of a point plays the role of an invariant: . Intersecting secants theorem: For a point outside a circle and the intersection points , of a secant line with the following statement is true: | | | | = (), hence the product is independent of line .

  9. Plücker coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plücker_coordinates

    Then their respective planes are perpendicular to vectors a and b, and the direction of L must be perpendicular to both. Hence we may set d = a × b, which is nonzero because a, b are neither zero nor parallel (the planes being distinct and intersecting). If point x satisfies both plane equations, then it also satisfies the linear combination