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A violin consists of a body or corpus, a neck, a finger board, a bridge, a soundpost, four strings, and various fittings.The fittings are the tuning pegs, tailpiece and tailgut, endpin, possibly one or more fine tuners on the tailpiece, and in the modern style of playing, usually a chinrest, either attached with the cup directly over the tailpiece or to the left of it.
Modern pegs for violin and viola have conical shafts, turned to a 1:30 taper, changing in diameter by 1 mm over a distance of 30 mm. Modern cello pegs have a slightly more aggressive 1:25 taper. 19th century and earlier pegs, for use with stretchier gut strings, typically had an even steeper taper of 1:20.
Mandolin tailpiece, which simply anchors the strings solidly. The tailpiece anchors the strings, so it must be strong enough to withstand their combined tension.Tailpieces of the violin family or viol families of instruments, including double basses, are attached by a "tailgut" looped around the tailpin or end button, which is let into the bottom bock of the instrument. [1]
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3D spectrum diagram of the overtones of a violin G string (foreground). Note that the pitch we hear is the peak around 200 Hz. A violin is tuned in fifths, in the notes G 3, D 4, A 4, E 5. The lowest note of a violin, tuned normally, is G 3, or G below middle C (C4). (On rare occasions, the lowest string may be tuned down by as much as a fourth ...
F-holes in instruments from the violin family, archtop mandolins and in archtop guitars; C-holes in viola da gambas and occasionally double-basses and guitars; Rosettes in lutes and sometimes harpsichords; D-holes in bowed lyras. Some instruments come in more than one style (mandolins may have F-holes, round or oval holes). A round or oval hole ...
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On bowed string instruments, (such as violin, viola, cello, and double bass), the fingerboard is usually made of ebony, rosewood or other hardwood. On some guitars, a maple neck and fingerboard are made from one piece of wood. A few modern luthiers have used lightweight, non-wood materials such as carbon-fiber in their fingerboards. [3]
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