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Location of the pacemaker can also change its effect on the SA node and its rhythm. An ectopic pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. [10] An ectopic pacemaker situated near the AV node and the septum is known as a junctional pacemaker. [11]
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a form of cardiac arrest in which the electrocardiogram shows a heart rhythm that should produce a pulse, but does not.Pulseless electrical activity is found initially in about 20% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests [1] and about 50% of in-hospital cardiac arrests.
However, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation remain the most important causes of sudden death following spontaneous restoration of antegrade flow. [6] Prior to the modern practice of percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome , pharmacologic thrombolysis was more common and accelerated idioventricular ...
This is followed by sudden cardiac death in the absence of treatment. [2] Ventricular fibrillation is initially found in about 10% of people with cardiac arrest. [1] Ventricular fibrillation can occur due to coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, electric shock, or intracranial ...
Scar-related monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is the most common type and a frequent cause of death in patients having survived a heart attack, especially if they have weak heart muscle. [ 12 ] Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia is a type of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating in the right ventricular outflow tract .
The underlying causes of sudden cardiac arrest can result from cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies. The most common underlying causes are different, depending on the patient's age. Common cardiac causes include coronary artery disease, non-atherosclerotic coronary artery abnormalities, structural heart damage, and inherited arrhythmias. Common ...
The rarity of short QT syndrome makes calculating prognosis accurately difficult. The risk of sudden cardiac death has been estimated at 0.8% per year, [2] leading to a cumulative risk of sudden cardiac death of 41% by the age of 40. [1] A previous history of cardiac arrest predicts a higher likelihood of further dangerous arrhythmias. [1]
As a result, humans can sometimes survive periods of clinical death exceeding one hour at temperatures below 20 °C. [20] The prognosis is improved if clinical death is caused by hypothermia rather than occurring prior to it; in 1999, 29-year-old Swedish woman Anna Bågenholm spent 80 minutes trapped in ice and survived with a near full ...