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Animal Farm is a satirical allegorical novella, in the form of a beast fable, [1] by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945. [2] [3] It tells the story of a group of anthropomorphic farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy.
Depiction of Porphyry from the Tree of Jesse at the Sucevița Monastery, 1535. On Abstinence from Eating Animals [a] (Koinē Greek: Περὶ ἀποχῆς ἐμψύχων, romanized: Peri apochēs empsychōn, Latin: De abstinentia ab esu animalium) is a 3rd-century treatise by Porphyry on the ethics of vegetarianism.
After Orwell's death in 1950, his widow Sonia Orwell sold the film rights to Animal Farm to film executives Carleton Alsop and Farris Farr. Unbeknownst to her, they were actually undercover agents for the Central Intelligence Agency's Office of Policy Coordination, which was funding anti-communist art for E. Howard Hunt's Psychological Warfare Workshop.
Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shall thou come to harm! But it is noted that it does not inspire the animals as much as "Beasts of England." Paul Kirschner writes that the switch from "Beasts of England" to "Animal Farm!" is a parody of the transition from Lenin's proletarian internationalism to Stalin's "Socialism in One Country". [5]
Farm animals are widespread in books and songs for children; the reality of animal husbandry is often distorted, softened, or idealized, giving children an almost entirely fictitious account of farm life. The books often depict happy animals free to roam in attractive countryside, a picture completely at odds with the realities of the ...
Tinbergen's four questions, named after 20th century biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. These are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. [1] It suggests that an integrative understanding of behaviour must include ultimate (evolutionary) explanations, in particular:
Mary Beatrice Midgley (née Scrutton; 13 September 1919 – 10 October 2018) [2] was a British philosopher.A senior lecturer in philosophy at Newcastle University, she was known for her work on science, ethics and animal rights.
The Lives of Animals (1999) is a metafictional novella about animal rights by the South African novelist J. M. Coetzee, recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. [1] The work is introduced by Amy Gutmann and followed by a collection of responses by Marjorie Garber , Peter Singer , Wendy Doniger and Barbara Smuts . [ 2 ]