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Allyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula C H 2 =CHCH 2 Cl. This colorless liquid is insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents. It is mainly converted to epichlorohydrin, used in the production of plastics. It is a chlorinated derivative of propylene. It is an alkylating agent, which makes it both useful and ...
Branched polymers are formed as monomer adds to the new radical site which is located along the polymer backbone. The properties of low-density polyethylene are critically determined by the amount of chain transfer to polymer that takes place. Chain transfer from polypropylene to backbone of another polypropylene. Transfer to solvent.
When the polymer is formed, the C=C double bond in the monomer is replaced by a C-C single bond in the polymer repeat unit, which links by two new bonds to adjoining repeat units. In condensation polymers (see examples below), the repeat unit contains fewer atoms than the monomer or monomers from which it is formed.
The industrial production of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propene exploits the easy oxidation of the allylic C−H centers: = + + = + An estimated 800,000 tonnes (1997) of allyl chloride is produced by the chlorination of propylene:
Due to side reactions, not all radicals formed by the dissociation of initiator molecules actually add monomers to form polymer chains. The efficiency factor f is defined as the fraction of the original initiator which contributes to the polymerization reaction. The maximal value of f is 1, but typical values range from 0.3 to 0.8. [7]
In this case the growing chain takes an atom X from a second polymer chain whose growth had been completed. The growth of the first polymer chain is completed by the transfer of atom X. However the second molecule loses an atom X from the interior of its polymer chain to form a reactive radical (or ion) which can add more monomer molecules.
In gas-phase and slurry-reactors, the polymer is formed around heterogeneous catalyst particles. The gas-phase polymerization is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, propene is passed over a bed containing the heterogeneous (solid) catalyst and the formed polymer is separated as a fine powder and then converted into pellets. Unreacted gas is ...
Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula H 2 C=CHCl. It is also called vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) or chloroethene. It is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl chloride is a colourless flammable gas that has a sweet odor and is carcinogenic.