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Elam (/ ˈ iː l ə m /) [a] was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name Elam stems from the Sumerian transliteration elam(a), along with the later Akkadian elamtu, and the ...
The Awan dynasty [a] was the first dynasty of Elam of which very little of anything is known today—appearing at the dawn of recorded history.The dynasty corresponds to the early part of the first Paleo-Elamite period (dated to c. 2400 – c. 2015 BC); additionally, succeeded by the Shimashki (c. 2200 – c. 1980 BC) and Sukkalmah dynasties (c. 1980 – c. 1450 BC).
The Sukkalmah period was one of the most prosperous in Elamite history, marked by unprecedented prestige and influence. Elam was frequently a powerbroker in Mesopotamian politics, entering into uneasy alliances with various states and rulers. [27] Several new developments also took place within Elam during this time.
Babylon's seventh dynasty, also known as the Elamite dynasty, was founded around 980 BC. [3] [4] It was the third of a series of very short lived Babylonian dynasties, namely the Second Sealand Dynasty, the Bazi Dynasty and the Elamite Dynasty. [4] [5] Its first and sole ruler was the Elamite Mar-biti-apla-usur.
The Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from c. 3100 BC to 2700 BC. [1] [3] In archaeological terms this corresponds to the late Banesh period. Proto-Elamite sites are recognized as the oldest civilization in Iran.
The Sukkalmah (c. 1900 – c. 1500 BC) or Epartid dynasty (named after the title sukkalmah used by many of the dynasty's rulers; as well as, the eponymous founder Ebarat II/Eparti II), [1] [2] was an early dynasty of West Asia in the ancient region of Elam, to the southeast of Babylonia.
The historical terms "Great Nation", [2] [3] [4] a distinguished aggregate of people inhabiting a particular country or territory, and "Great Empire", [5] a considerable group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, are colloquial conversations (historical jargon).
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control. [ 8 ]