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Grade (slope) The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A larger number indicates higher or steeper ...
Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.
Grading (earthworks) Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden ...
Units of n are often omitted, however n is not dimensionless, having dimension of T/L 1/3 and units of s/m 1/3. R h is the hydraulic radius (L; ft, m); S is the stream slope or hydraulic gradient, the linear hydraulic head loss loss (dimension of L/L, units of m/m or ft/ft); it is the same as the channel bed slope when the
[1] In architecture, batter is a receding slope of a wall, structure, or earthwork. [2] A wall sloping in the opposite direction is said to overhang. [3] When used in fortifications it may be called a talus. A batter frame is used to guide the construction of a battered dry stone wall.
Slope replacement describes an evolution of slopes that is associated with decreasing rates of over-all erosion ( denudation ). It begins with a flattening of the lowermost slope that propagates upward and backward making the uppermost slope recede and decrease its angle while it remains steeper than the lower portions. [1]
Slope stability refers to the condition of inclined soil or rock slopes to withstand or undergo movement; the opposite condition is called slope instability or slope failure. The stability condition of slopes is a subject of study and research in soil mechanics , geotechnical engineering and engineering geology .
[1] The term scree comes from the Old Norse term for landslide, skriða, [2] while the term talus is a French word meaning a slope or embankment. [3] [4] In high-altitude arctic and subarctic regions, scree slopes and talus deposits are typically adjacent to hills and river valleys.