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  2. Austin Flint murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Flint_murmur

    In cardiology, an Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched rumbling heart murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex. [1] It can be a mid-diastolic [2] or presystolic murmur. [3] It is associated with severe aortic regurgitation, although the role of this sign in clinical practice has been questioned. [4]

  3. Aortic regurgitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

    Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.

  4. Heart murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_murmur

    Aortic valve stenosis is a crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur. It is best heard at the right upper sternal border (aortic area). It sometimes radiates to the carotid arteries. In mild aortic stenosis, the crescendo-decrescendo is early peaking. Whereas in severe aortic stenosis, the crescendo is late-peaking.

  5. Diastolic heart murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastolic_heart_murmur

    Pulmonary regurgitation: Pulmonary regurgitation is most commonly due to pulmonary hypertension (Graham-Steell murmur). It is a high-pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo configuration. It may increase in intensity during inspiration and best heard over left second and third intercostal spaces. The murmur usually does not extend to S1.

  6. Heart sounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_sounds

    Generally, this is a very rarely heard murmur, even though aortic valve regurgitation is not so rare. Aortic regurgitation, though obvious using echocardiography visualization, usually does not produce an audible murmur. [citation needed] Stenosis of the mitral valve, if severe, also rarely produces an audible, low frequency soft rumbling ...

  7. Duroziez's sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duroziez's_sign

    Duroziez's sign is a sign of aortic insufficiency. [1] It consists of an audible diastolic murmur which can be heard over the femoral artery when it is compressed with the bell of a stethoscope.

  8. Gallavardin phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallavardin_phenomenon

    The harsh noisy component is best heard at the upper right sternal border radiating to the neck due to the high velocity jet in the ascending aorta. The musical high frequency component is best heard at the cardiac apex. [1] The presence of a murmur at the apex can be misinterpreted as mitral regurgitation.

  9. Systolic heart murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systolic_heart_murmur

    This is the most common cause of late systolic murmurs. It can be heard best over the apex of the heart, usually preceded by clicks. The most common cause of mitral valve prolapse is "floppy" valve (Barlow's) syndrome. If the prolapse becomes severe enough, mitral regurgitation may occur.

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