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CT scan image of large herniated disc in the lumbar spine. Removal of a disc at one level can lead to disc herniation at a different level at a later time. Even the most complete surgical excision of the disc still leaves 30–40% of the disc, which cannot be safely removed. This retained disc can re-herniate sometime after surgery.
Intradural disc herniation occurs when the disc material crosses the dura mater and enters the thecal sac. It is a rare form of disc herniation with an incidence of 0.2–2.2%. Pre-operative imaging can be helpful for diagnosis, but intra-operative findings are required for confirmation. [26]
A tear in the outer fibers of a disc may well initiate this infection. A disc herniation will result in a new local capillarization around the extruded material as the body attempts to remove the extruded material and inflammation with macrophages which are present in abundance.
The ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is a set of diagnosis codes used in the United States of America. [1] It was developed by a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services, [ 2 ] as an adaption of the ICD-10 with authorization from the World Health Organization .
A disc protrusion may progress to a spinal disc herniation, a condition in which there is a tear in the anulus fibrosus. [2] The most common area to have a disc protrusion is in the Lumbar Spine, specifically L-5. [2] [3]
Lumbar provocative discography (also referred to as "discography" or discogram) is an invasive diagnostic procedure for evaluation for intervertebral disc pathology. It is usually reserved for persons with persistent, severe low back pain (LBP) who have abnormal spaces between vertebrae on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where other diagnostic tests have failed to reveal clear confirmation ...
The straight leg raise test is almost always positive in those with disc herniation, [5] and lumbar provocative discography may be useful to identify a specific disc causing pain in those with chronic high levels of low back pain. [47] Therapeutic procedures such as nerve blocks can also be used to determine a specific source of pain. [5]
Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine. Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica. In this article, the term is used to describe a lumbar herniated disc.