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In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE), sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, [1] is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture. PAE was first introduced by Intel in the Pentium Pro , and later by AMD in the Athlon processor. [ 2 ]
The 32-bit PAE desktop kernel (linux-image-generic-pae) in Ubuntu 9.10 and later, also provides the PAE mode needed for hardware with the NX CPU feature. For systems that lack NX hardware, the 32-bit kernels now provide an approximation of the NX CPU feature via software emulation that can help block many exploits an attacker might run from ...
Many 32-bit computers have 32 physical address bits and are thus limited to 4 GiB (2 32 words) of memory. [3] [4] x86 processors prior to the Pentium Pro have 32 or fewer physical address bits; however, most x86 processors since the Pentium Pro, which was first sold in 1995, have the Physical Address Extension (PAE) mechanism, [5]: 445 which allows addressing up to 64 GiB (2 36 words) of memory.
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The NX bit (no-execute) is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of a virtual address space to store either data or processor instructions. An operating system with support for the NX bit may mark certain areas of an address space as non-executable. The processor will then refuse to execute any code residing in these areas of the address ...
This is a 4096-fold increase over the default 2 GiB user-mode virtual address space offered by 32-bit Windows. [110] [111] 8 TiB of kernel mode virtual address space for the operating system. [110] As with the user mode address space, this is a 4096-fold increase over 32-bit Windows versions.
Compared to the Physical Address Extension (PAE) method, PSE-36 is a simpler alternative to addressing more than 4 GB of memory. It uses the Page Size Extension (PSE) mode and a modified page directory table to map 4 MB pages into a 64 GB physical address space. PSE-36's downside is that, unlike PAE, it doesn't have 4-KB page granularity above ...
If paging is enabled, the base address in a segment descriptor is an address in a linear paged address space divided into 4 KB pages, so when that is added to the offset in the segment, the resulting address is a linear address in that address space; in IA-32, that address is then masked to be no larger than 32 bits. The result may be looked up ...