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USS George Washington, the first U.S. missile submarine, successfully launched the first Polaris missile from a submerged submarine on July 20, 1960. The A-2 version of the Polaris missile was essentially an upgraded A-1, and it entered service in late 1961. It was fitted on a total of 13 submarines and served until June 1974.
A Polaris A-1 missile (left) and a Polaris A-3 missile (right) at the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii. A mission led by Sir Solly Zuckerman, the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence, left for the United States to discuss Polaris on 8 January 1963.
Polaris A-1 on launch pad LC-25A in Cape Canaveral. The world's first operational nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) was USS George Washington (SSBN-598) with 16 Polaris A-1 missiles, which entered service in December 1959 and conducted the first SSBN deterrent patrol November 1960 – January 1961. [6]
The first sea-based missile deterrent forces were a small number of conventionally powered cruise missile submarines and surface ships fielded by the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s, deploying the Regulus I missile and the Soviet P-5 Pyatyorka (also known by its NATO reporting name SS-N-3 Shaddock), both land attack cruise missiles that could be launched from surfaced submarines.
Polaris missile launch from HMS Revenge in 1983 Sixteen tubes for Polaris A3 Submarine-launched ballistic missiles were carried, in two rows of eight. [ 4 ] The missiles had a range of 2,500 nautical miles (2,900 mi; 4,600 km), [ 7 ] [ 8 ] and each missile could carry three 200 kt (840 TJ) nuclear warheads. [ 9 ]
On 20 July 1960 the United States Navy made history by demonstrating the first dedicated ballistic missile designed to be fired while submerged from the world's first dedicated ballistic missile submarine. The missile in question, designated the UGM-27 Polaris, proved to be a success, and would usher in the age of the ballistic missile ...
English: Missile Milestone - First Polaris Firing By Submerged U-Boat, Universal International Newsreel, 21 July 1960. Polaris missile loaded from truck to sub at Cape Canaveral, missile hatches opened on USS George Washington, missile fired on 20 July 1960, 1100 miles to its target, then 2nd missile fired.
The UGM-73 Poseidon missile was the second US Navy nuclear-armed submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) system, powered by a two-stage solid-fuel rocket.It succeeded the UGM-27 Polaris beginning in 1972, bringing major advances in warheads and accuracy.