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India intervened in the Bangladesh War of Independence, a civil war taking place in Pakistan's Bengali half, after millions of refugees had fled the persecution of the Pakistani army. The clash resulted in the independence of East Pakistan, which became known as Bangladesh , and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's elevation to immense popularity.
In March 1942, with the Japanese fast moving up the Malayan Peninsula after the Fall of Singapore, [52] and with the Americans supporting independence for India, [56] Winston Churchill, then Britain's prime minister, sent Sir Stafford Cripps, leader of the House of Commons, with an offer of dominion status to India at the end of the war in ...
After 1947, India signed new treaties with Nepal and Bhutan. [147] Historically, Sikkim was a British dependency, with a status similar to that of the other princely states, and was therefore considered to be within the frontiers of India in the colonial period. On independence, however, the Chogyal of Sikkim resisted full integration into ...
The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories, organising them along linguistic lines. [1]Although additional changes to India's state boundaries have been made since 1956, the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 remains the most extensive change in state boundaries after the independence of India.
English: Map of the partition of India (1947). Note: Small princely states not acceding to either country upon independence are shown as integral parts of India and Pakistan. Note: Small princely states not acceding to either country upon independence are shown as integral parts of India and Pakistan.
1765–1805 map of India, shown with a territorial division between Hindus, Muslims and the British Political subdivisions of the Indian Empire in 1909 with British India (pink) and the princely states (yellow) The princely states at the time of Indian independence were mostly formed after the disintegration of the Mughal empire.
Joseph E. Schwartzberg (2008) proposes that the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization (c. 2500–1900 BCE) may have known "cartographic activity" based on a number of excavated surveying instruments and measuring rods and that the use of large scale constructional plans, cosmological drawings, and cartographic material was known in India with some regularity since the Vedic period (1st ...
An India-wide survey soon after independence gave evidence of the high inequality in rural India. 14–15 million rural households (constituting 22% of the total) owned no land at all. Just under 50% of rural households owned 1.5% of the cultivated land. At the other extreme, the top 25% owned 83% of the cultivated land. [59]