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Other serious side effects may include medullary thyroid cancer, angioedema, pancreatitis, and kidney injury. [7] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. [ 9 ] Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) also known as incretin mimetics . [ 7 ]
The American Diabetes Association defines the following criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes: a HbA1c of 6.5%, an 8-hour fasting blood glucose of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or in patients exhibiting hyperglycemic symptoms, a random plasma glucose of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).
Gastrointestinal disorder, dyspepsia and anxiety can occur with SAM consumption. [21] Long-term effects are unknown. SAM is a weak DNA-alkylating agent. [25] Another reported side effect of SAM is insomnia; therefore, the supplement is often taken in the morning. Other reports of mild side effects include lack of appetite, constipation, nausea ...
The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid. [2] Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon.Although named and described by gastroenterologists since the late 19th century, it was first isolated from watermelon in 1914 by Japanese researchers Yatarō Koga (古賀彌太郎) and Ryō Ōtake (大嶽了) [3] [4] and further codified by Mitsunori Wada of Tokyo ...
Corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy (CIL) is a condition of abnormal fat deposition caused by corticosteroid medications. [1] Fat accumulates in the facial area ("moon face"), dorsocervical region ("buffalo hump"), and abdominal area ("pot belly" or "beer belly"), whereas the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the limbs is decreased. [1]
Pimagedine was under development as a drug for kidney diseases by the pharmaceutical company Alteon (now known Synvista Therapeutics Inc.) that was founded in 1986. [2] In 1987, Alteon acquired a license to intellectual property relating to AGE inhibition from Rockefeller University. [3]
[9] [10] [11] Both of them obtained piperidine by reacting piperine with nitric acid. Industrially, piperidine is produced by the hydrogenation of pyridine, usually over a molybdenum disulfide catalyst: [12] C 5 H 5 N + 3 H 2 → C 5 H 10 NH. Pyridine can also be reduced to piperidine via a modified Birch reduction using sodium in ethanol. [13]
It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops. [7] [8] [6] It differs from the similarly named prednisone in having a hydroxyl at the 11th carbon instead of a ketone. Common side effects with short-term use include nausea, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, increased appetite, and fatigue. [5]