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Genes take up about 30% of the pufferfish genome and the coding DNA is about 10%. (Non-coding DNA = 90%.) The reduced size of the pufferfish genome is due to a reduction in the length of introns and less repetitive DNA. [8] [9] Utricularia gibba, a bladderwort plant, has a very small nuclear genome (100.7 Mb) compared to most plants.
A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. These sequences are of interest for their potential to regulate gene production. [1] CNSs in plants [2] and animals [1] are highly associated with transcription factor binding sites and other cis-acting regulatory elements.
How NORAD works with PUM proteins to contribute to genomic instability. [1]Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage (NORAD) is a long non-coding RNA that responds to DNA damage and plays a significant role in preserving stability (keeping it accurate and unchanged) of genetic information within cells. [2]
For example, only about 1.5% of the human genome consists of protein-coding exons, with over 50% of human DNA consisting of non-coding repetitive sequences. [98] The reasons for the presence of so much noncoding DNA in eukaryotic genomes and the extraordinary differences in genome size , or C-value , among species, represent a long-standing ...
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Unstable DNA sequence are segments of genetic material that exhibit high rates of mutation or variation over time, resulting in significant genetic diversity within populations or even individual organisms. [1] Such sequences are found in various regions of the genome, including both coding and non-coding regions.
In 2005 the landscape of the mammalian genome was described as numerous 'foci' of transcription that are separated by long stretches of intergenic space. [9] While some long ncRNAs are located within the intergenic stretches, the majority are overlapping sense and antisense transcripts that often include protein-coding genes, [23] giving rise to a complex hierarchy of overlapping isoforms. [24]
DNA codes with constant GC-content can obviously be constructed from constant-composition codes (A constant composition code over a k-ary alphabet has the property that the numbers of occurrences of the k symbols within a codeword is the same for each codeword) over by mapping the symbols of to the symbols of the DNA alphabet, = {,,,}.