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These polymers are derived from polystyrene by the addition of sulfonate functional groups. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1958. [1] A polystyrene sulfonate was developed in the 2000s to treat Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea under the name Tolevamer, [2] but it was never marketed.
Potassium binders are medications that bind potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its intestinal absorption. This category formerly consisted solely of polystyrene sulfonate, a polyanionic resin attached to a cation, administered either orally or by retention enema to patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalaemia (abnormal high serum potassium levels).
These methods include polystyrene microspheres, nanoparticles, and solid foams. In the biomedical engineering field, these methods assist researchers in drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging strategies. [1] [2] A common group of medication that utilizes a combination of polystyrene and sulfonate functional groups are polystyrene sulfonates. [3]
Roman numerals: for example the word "six" in the clue might be used to indicate the letters VI; The name of a chemical element may be used to signify its symbol; e.g., W for tungsten; The days of the week; e.g., TH for Thursday; Country codes; e.g., "Switzerland" can indicate the letters CH; ICAO spelling alphabet: where Mike signifies M and ...
Patiromer works by binding free potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract and releasing calcium ions for exchange, thus lowering the amount of potassium available for absorption into the bloodstream and increasing the amount that is excreted via the feces. The net effect is a reduction of potassium levels in the blood serum. [4] [11]
In 2010, Cox and Rathvon's efforts began to appear monthly in The Wall Street Journal. [53] The pair retired at the end of 2023, but the WSJ continues to offer a cryptic crossword each month. In the United Kingdom, the Sunday Express was the first newspaper to publish a crossword on November 2, 1924, a Wynne puzzle adapted for the UK.
Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO 4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ- anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant . One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris , and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum .
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