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The three results are usually reported together. A low transferrin saturation is a common indicator of iron deficiency anemia whereas a high transferrin saturation may indicate iron overload or hemochromatosis. [1] [2] Transferrin saturation is also called transferrin saturation index (TSI) or transferrin saturation percentage (TS%) [3]
The disorder results from an antibody, called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), that has a similar effect to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). [1] These TSI antibodies cause the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormones. [1] The diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with blood tests and radioiodine uptake.
The TSI slant is a test tube that contains agar, a pH-sensitive dye , 1% lactose, 1% sucrose, 0.1% glucose, [2] and sodium thiosulfate and ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate. All of these ingredients are mixed together, heated to sterility, and allowed to solidify in the test tube at a slanted angle.
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6] Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these. [44]
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T 4), and then triiodothyronine (T 3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. [1]
Typically blood tests show a low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and raised T 3 or T 4. [1] Radioiodine uptake by the thyroid, thyroid scan , and measurement of antithyroid autoantibodies (thyroidal thyrotropin receptor antibodies are positive in Graves disease) may help determine the cause.
Antithyroid autoantibodies (or simply antithyroid antibodies) are autoantibodies targeted against one or more components on the thyroid.The most clinically relevant anti-thyroid autoantibodies are anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO antibodies, TPOAb), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb).
The test is used in the differential diagnosis of secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism. First, blood is drawn and a baseline TSH level is measured. Then, TRH is administered via a vein. After 30 minutes blood is drawn again and the levels of TSH are measured and compared to the baseline. Some authors recommend additional blood sampling at 15 ...