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To avoid confusion the database of GSM Association was renamed to IMEI Database - IMEI DB [1] (it was in 2003-2008, see “Document History” at IMEI Database File Format Specification [2]). Also sometimes a common IMEI database for several EIRs is called SEIR (Shared EIR). In each country, the CEIR can interact with IMEI DB differently.
The Type Allocation Code (TAC) is the initial eight-digit portion of the 15-digit IMEI and 16-digit IMEISV codes used to uniquely identify wireless devices.. The Type Allocation Code identifies a particular model (and often revision) of wireless telephone for use on a GSM, UMTS, LTE, 5G NR, iDEN, Iridium or other IMEI-employing wireless network.
The last number of the IMEI is a check digit, calculated using the Luhn algorithm, as defined in the IMEI Allocation and Approval Guidelines: The Check Digit shall be calculated according to Luhn formula (ISO/IEC 7812). (See GSM 02.16 / 3GPP 22.016). The Check Digit is a function of all other digits in the IMEI.
ESNs are currently mainly used with CDMA phones (and were previously used by AMPS and TDMA phones), compared to International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) numbers used by all GSM phones. [1] The first eight bits of the ESN were originally the manufacturer code, leaving 24 bits for the manufacturer to assign up to 16,777,215 codes to mobiles.
Add the digits (up to but not including the check digit) in the even-numbered positions (second, fourth, sixth, etc.) to the result. Take the remainder of the result divided by 10 (i.e. the modulo 10 operation). If the remainder is equal to 0 then use 0 as the check digit, and if not 0 subtract the remainder from 10 to derive the check digit.
A virtual base transceiver station (VBTS) [5] is a device for identifying the temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) of a nearby GSM mobile phone and intercepting its calls, some are even advanced enough to detect the international mobile equipment identity (IMEI).
Land line phone numbers in Vietnam follow the format Area Code + Phone Number.The area codes depend on the province and/or city. To dial a number within the same province or city, only the phone number needs to be dialed.
In 1891 after the return of the districts of Bảo Lộc and Phượng Nhỡn back to Bắc Ninh province, Lục Nam was abolished and integrated into Đạo Quan Binh I. The modern province of Bắc Giang was founded on 10 October 1895, [7] when it was created out of Bắc Ninh Province. [7]