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Between the two pyramids can be seen a decussation of fibers which marks the transition from the medulla to the spinal cord. The medulla is above the decussation and the spinal cord below. From behind The appearance of a cadaveric brainstem from behind, with major parts labelled. The most medial part of the medulla is the posterior median sulcus.
The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. [1] It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum . It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions, ranging from vomiting to sneezing . [ 2 ]
The outer part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, made up of grey matter arranged in layers. It is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick, and deeply folded to give a convoluted appearance. [21] Beneath the cortex is the cerebral white matter. The largest part of the cerebral cortex is the neocortex, which has
The cuneate and gracile nuclei reside at the closed (lower) medulla, so the medial lemniscus is not formed at this level. Fibres from these nuclei will pass to the contralateral side of the brainstem, as the internal arcuate fibres. In the midbrain, it is situated dorsal to the substantia nigra, and medial to either red nucleus. [4]
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a prominent bundle of nerve fibres which pass within the ventral/anterior portion of periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain). [1] It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, responsible for oculomotor control, head posture, and vertical eye movement. [2]
Medial medullary syndrome, also known as inferior alternating syndrome, hypoglossal alternating hemiplegia, lower alternating hemiplegia, [1] or Dejerine syndrome, [2] is a type of alternating hemiplegia characterized by a set of clinical features resulting from occlusion of the anterior spinal artery.
Most famous parts of the brain highlighted in different colours The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional , connective , and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.
The corticobulbar (or corticonuclear) tract is a two-neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the motor cortex in the cerebral cortex to the medullary pyramids, which are part of the brainstem's medulla oblongata (also called "bulbar") region, and are primarily involved in carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves, like muscles of the face, head and neck.