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In mathematics, some functions or groups of functions are important enough to deserve their own names. This is a listing of articles which explain some of these functions in more detail. There is a large theory of special functions which developed out of statistics and mathematical physics.
In mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. [1] The set X is called the domain of the function [2] and the set Y is called the codomain of the function. [3] Functions were originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity.
Many common notions from mathematics (e.g. surjective, injective, free object, basis, finite representation, isomorphism) are definable purely in category theoretic terms (cf. monomorphism, epimorphism). Category theory has been suggested as a foundation for mathematics on par with set theory and type theory (cf. topos).
The image of a function f(x 1, x 2, …, x n) is the set of all values of f when the n-tuple (x 1, x 2, …, x n) runs in the whole domain of f.For a continuous (see below for a definition) real-valued function which has a connected domain, the image is either an interval or a single value.
A map is a function, as in the association of any of the four colored shapes in X to its color in Y. In mathematics, a map or mapping is a function in its general sense. [1] These terms may have originated as from the process of making a geographical map: mapping the Earth surface to a sheet of paper. [2]
In mathematics, an integer-valued function is a function whose values are integers.In other words, it is a function that assigns an integer to each member of its domain.. The floor and ceiling functions are examples of integer-valued functions of a real variable, but on real numbers and, generally, on (non-disconnected) topological spaces integer-valued functions are not especially useful.
At the same time, the mapping of a function to the value of the function at a point is a functional; here, is a parameter. Provided that f {\displaystyle f} is a linear function from a vector space to the underlying scalar field, the above linear maps are dual to each other, and in functional analysis both are called linear functionals .
The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4. The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1. The minimum value of x is ...