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Transactional leaders use an exchange model, with rewards being given for good work or positive outcomes. Conversely, people with this leadership style also can punish poor work or negative outcomes, until the problem is corrected. [9] One way that transactional leadership focuses on lower level needs is by stressing specific task performance. [10]
[citation needed] For example, the Associated Press and the New York Times recommend "people" except in quotations and set phrases. Under the traditional distinction, which Garner says is pedantic, [104] persons describes a finite, known number of individuals, rather than the collective term people. This debate raged towards the end of the 19th ...
In organizational studies, resource management is the efficient and effective development of an organization's resources when they are needed. Such resources may include the financial resources, inventory, human skills, production resources, or information technology (IT) and natural resources.
The UK Government has defined resource efficiency for research purposes as "the optimisation of resource use so that a given level of final consumption can be met with fewer resources". [2] It has been noted that improvements in resource efficiency can occur at production, consumption, and end of product life stages. [ 2 ]
Resource mobilization is the process of getting resources from the resource provider, using different mechanisms, to implement an organization's predetermined goals. [1] It is a theory that is used in the study of social movements and argues that the success of social movements depends on resources (time, money, skills, etc.) and the ability to use them.
"He who doesn't work, doesn't eat" – Soviet poster issued in Uzbekistan, 1920. He who does not work, neither shall he eat is an aphorism from the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in the early 1600s colony of Jamestown, Virginia, and broadly by the international socialist movement, from the United States [1] to the communist revolutionary ...
In the case of a need, a deficiency causes a clear adverse outcome: a dysfunction or death. In other words, a need is something required for a safe, stable and healthy life (e.g. air, water, food, land, shelter) while a want is a desire, wish or aspiration.
It is necessary for a reference work to distinguish carefully between an office (such as president of the United States) and an incumbent (such as Donald Trump). A newspaper does not usually need to make this distinction; for a newspaper "President Trump" and "the President" are one and the same during his tenure.