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By far the most popular FCS algorithm is a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), used in Ethernet and other IEEE 802 protocols with 32 bits, in X.25 with 16 or 32 bits, in HDLC with 16 or 32 bits, in Frame Relay with 16 bits, [3] in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) with 16 or 32 bits, and in other data link layer protocols.
A frame is a series of bits generally composed of frame synchronization bits, the packet payload, and a frame check sequence. Examples are Ethernet frames, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames, Fibre Channel frames, and V.42 modem frames. Often, frames of several different sizes are nested inside each other.
IEEE 802.1Q, often referred to as Dot1q, is the networking standard that supports virtual local area networking (VLANs) on an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet network. The standard defines a system of VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and the accompanying procedures to be used by bridges and switches in handling such frames.
A frame check sequence (FCS) is appended to each fragment, which is then transmitted by the next available active PME in the aggregated group. The following diagram illustrates the PAF fragmentation: EFM PAF diagram. PAF Receive function reassembles the original frames from the received fragments, which are buffered in a per-MAC fragment buffer ...
Protection against errors, generally by means of generating and checking frame check sequences; Control of access to the physical transmission medium; In the case of Ethernet, the functions required of a MAC are: [3] receive/transmit normal frames; half-duplex retransmission and backoff functions; append/check FCS (frame check sequence)
The frame check sequence (FCS) is a four-octet cyclic redundancy check (CRC) that allows detection of corrupted data within the entire frame as received on the receiver side. According to the standard, the FCS value is computed as a function of the protected MAC frame fields: source and destination address, length/type field, MAC client data ...
This frame may cause a collision at the remote end which cannot be detected by the transmitter, so the frame is not resent on the physical layer. Due to interference on the medium, its data is corrupted and frame check sequence fails, requiring recovery at a higher layer, if possible. [citation needed]
The end of a frame is signaled by a valid frame check sequence followed by loss of carrier or by a special symbol or sequence in the line coding scheme for a particular Ethernet physical layer, so the length of the frame does not always need to be encoded as a value in the Ethernet frame. However, as the minimum payload of an Ethernet frame is ...