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The bytes s1 and s2 are taken together to represent a big-endian 16-bit integer specifying the length of the following "data bytes" plus the 2 bytes used to represent the length. In other words, s1 and s2 specify the number of the following data bytes as 256 ⋅ s 1 + s 2 − 2 {\displaystyle 256\cdot s1+s2-2} .
Hex signature ISO 8859-1 Offset Extension Description 23 21 #! 0 Script or data to be passed to the program following the shebang (#!) [1]: 02 00 5a 57 52 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
The value inside the parenthesis is the uncompressed length for ARGB and 24-bit RGB icons. 2. it32 data always starts with a header of four zero-bytes (tested all icns files in macOS 10.15.7 and macOS 11). Usage unknown, the four zero-bytes can be any value and are quietly ignored. †.
The JPEG filename extension is JPG or JPEG. Nearly every digital camera can save images in the JPEG format, which supports eight-bit grayscale images and 24-bit color images (eight bits each for red, green, and blue). JPEG applies lossy compression to images, which can result in a significant reduction of the file size.
A JPEG image consists of a sequence of segments, each beginning with a marker, each of which begins with a 0xFF byte, followed by a byte indicating what kind of marker it is. Some markers consist of just those two bytes; others are followed by two bytes (high then low), indicating the length of marker-specific payload data that follows.
Exchangeable image file format (officially Exif, according to JEIDA/JEITA/CIPA specifications) [5] is a standard that specifies formats for images, sound, and ancillary tags used by digital cameras (including smartphones), scanners and other systems handling image and sound files recorded by digital cameras.
JPEG XL has features aimed at web delivery such as advanced progressive decoding, [40] embedded previews, and minimal header overhead, as well as features aimed at image editing and digital printing, such as support for multiple layers, CMYK, and spot colors. It also supports animated images. The main features are: [41] [42] [43] Compression:
Codestream packing: All entropy-coded data are packed into a linear stream of bits (grouped in byte multiples) along with all of the required image metadata. This sequence of bytes is called the codestream and its high-level syntax is based on the typical JPEG markers and marker segments syntax. [29]