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The majority of compounds in beer come from the metabolic activities of plants and yeast and so are covered by the fields of biochemistry and organic chemistry. [1] The main exception is that beer contains over 90% water and the mineral ions in the water (hardness) can have a significant effect upon the taste. [2]
Sorbitol (/ ˈ s ɔː (r) b ɪ t ɒ l /), less commonly known as glucitol (/ ˈ ɡ l uː s ɪ t ɒ l /), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH 2 OH).
Alcoholic fermentation converts one mole of glucose into two moles of ethanol and two moles of carbon dioxide, producing two moles of ATP in the process. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2 ADP + 2 P i → 2 C 2 H 5 OH + 2 CO 2 + 2 ATP. Sucrose is a sugar composed of a glucose linked to a fructose.
With typical values of 1.050 and 1.010 for, respectively, OG and FG this simplified formula gives an ABV of 5.31% as opposed to 5.23% for the more accurate formula. Formulas for alcohol similar to this last simple one abound in the brewing literature and are very popular among home brewers.
For example, when one adds equal amounts of salt and sugar to equal amounts of water, the degrees of refraction (BRIX) of the salt solution rises faster than the sugar solution. The °Bx is traditionally used in the wine , sugar , carbonated beverage , fruit juice , fresh produce , maple syrup , and honey industries.
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The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
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