Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A main component of this spindle is the motor, stored internally. Internal Motor: limited power and torque due to restricted space within the spindle housing; Speed Range: 20,000 [3]-60,000 RPM [2] (top speed according to design) Advantage: high top speed expands application use; Disadvantage: sensitive life range according to use
Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation.
The length of time that a given animal stays on this rotating rod is a measure of their balance, coordination, physical condition, and motor-planning. The speed of the rotarod is mechanically driven, and may either be held constant, or accelerated. [3] A human analog to rotarod test might be treadmill running.
Ultra-high speed grinding (UHSG) can run at speeds higher than 40,000 fpm (200 m/s), taking 41 s to remove 1 in 3 (16 cm 3) of material, but is still in the research-and-development (R&D) stage. It also requires high spindle power and high spindle speeds.
High speed machining of these materials is considered to begin at 10,000 rpm and may reach as high as 50,000 rpm. The need for regular verification of the spindle clamping system becomes obvious. As the required machining speeds become higher, the need for machines to be built with smaller diameter spindle components increases.
For example, using a high spindle speed with an unbalanced wooden blank may cause the lathe to vibrate dangerously. Spinning a large turning blank too quickly may cause it to explode. Inappropriate use of tools such as gouges and skew chisels can cause a catch , where the tool bites suddenly and aggressively into the wood in an uncontrolled manner.
The bobbin is fixed on the spindle. In a ring frames, the different speed was achieved by drag caused by air resistance and friction (lubrication of the contact surface between the traveller and the ring was a necessity). Spindles could rotate at speeds up to 25,000 rpm, [citation needed] this spins the yarn.
The test functions used to evaluate the algorithms for MOP were taken from Deb, [4] Binh et al. [5] and Binh. [6] The software developed by Deb can be downloaded, [ 7 ] which implements the NSGA-II procedure with GAs, or the program posted on Internet, [ 8 ] which implements the NSGA-II procedure with ES.