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Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are often substituted for R-22 because of their lower ozone depletion potential, but these refrigerants often have a higher GWP. R-410A, for example, is often substituted, but has a GWP of 2088. Another substitute is R-404A with a GWP of 3900. Other substitute refrigerants are available with low GWP.
According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon -carbon multiple bonds , there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next.
From 1930 to 1935, they developed dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl 2 F 2 or R12), trichlorofluoromethane (CCl 3 F or R11), chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF 2 or R22), trichlorotrifluoroethane (CCl 2 FCClF 2 or R113), and dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CClF 2 CClF 2 or R114), through Kinetic Chemicals which was a joint venture between DuPont and General Motors.
The number after the R is a refrigerant class number developed by DuPont to systematically identify single halogenated hydrocarbons, as well as other refrigerants besides halocarbons. Most uses of CFCs are now banned or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987, as they have been shown to be responsible for ozone depletion . [ 6 ]
R22 Harmful if swallowed R23 Toxic by inhalation R24 Toxic in contact with skin R25 Toxic if swallowed R26 Very toxic by inhalation R27 Very toxic in contact with skin R28 Very toxic if swallowed R29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas. R30 Can become highly flammable in use R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas R32
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (now Honeywell) in 1991. [5] Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A. [6] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and ...
HCFC-123 is used in large tonnage centrifugal chiller applications, and is the most efficient refrigerant currently in use in the marketplace for HVAC applications. HCFC-123 is also used as a testing agent for bypass leakage of carbon adsorbers in gas filtration systems, and as the primary chemical in Halotron I fire-extinguishing agent. [2]
1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, C 2 H Cl F 4, is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon used as a component in refrigerants offered as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons. HCFC-124 is also used in gaseous fire suppression systems as a replacement for bromochlorocarbons. [2]