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The Pantheon (UK: / ˈ p æ n θ i ə n /, US: /-ɒ n /; [1] Latin: Pantheum, [nb 1] from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pantheion) '[temple] of all the gods') is a former Roman temple and, since AD 609, a Catholic church (Italian: Basilica Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs) in Rome, Italy.
It took its name from the Pantheon, which had been converted in the 7th century AD into a Christian church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" but informally known as Santa Maria Rotonda. [2] The piazza is roughly rectangular, approximately 60 meters north to south and 40 meters east to west, with a fountain and obelisk in the center and ...
The edifice was built between 1758 and 1790, from designs by Jacques-Germain Soufflot, at the behest of King Louis XV of France; the king intended it as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, Paris's patron saint, whose relics were to be housed in the church. Neither Soufflot nor Louis XV lived to see the church completed.
The doors, measuring 4.45 metres (14.6 ft) wide and 7.53 metres (24.7 ft) high, consist of two leaves. [2] The panels and lintels of the doors are made of cast bronze. Each leaf pivots on pins installed in the floor at the bottom and in the architrave at the top. [3]
Piazza della Rotonda and the Pantheon (1769) by Bernardo Bellotto. Piazza della Rotonda and the Pantheon is an oil-on-canvas cityscape painting by the Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto and his son Lorenzo, from 1769, based on an engraving by Piranesi. It and its pair View of the Forum in Rome are both now in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow.
Cross-section of the Pantheon's rotunda. A rotunda (from Latin rotundus) is any roofed building with a circular ground plan, and sometimes covered by a dome.It may also refer to a round room within a building (a famous example being the one below the dome of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.).
In total there were 80 entrances, 76 of which were set aside for the general public. The Colosseum opened in the year 80 A.D. and was the largest building in Rome at that time. The stadium held ...
The Pantheon's dome, the largest and most famous example, was built of concrete in the 2nd century and may have served as an audience hall for Hadrian. Imperial mausolea, such as the Mausoleum of Diocletian, were domed beginning in the 3rd century. Some smaller domes were built with a technique of using ceramic tubes in place of a wooden ...