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This highlights the need for the more thoughtful and theoretically sound rationale for the inclusion of race or ethnicity variables in health research, aligning with the understanding of race as a social construct and acknowledging its role as a marker of exposure to racialized social disadvantage. [13]
Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and health care across racial and ethnic groups. [13] The US Health Resources and Services Administration defines health disparities as "population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care". [14]
It revealed that only 4.5% of the case studies mentioned a racial or ethnic background of the patient and when the patient was black or had "potentially unfavorable characteristics" race or ethnicity was more likely to be identified. There was also a greater prevalence of health-related themes discussed when race or ethnicity was identified.
There is a lack of evidence to support a genetic difference between racial groups as a cause of maternal health disparities such as preterm birth. [6] Social factors, such as structural racism , have been suggested as a contributory cause of the wide racial disparities in maternal health in the United States.
Health ratings by race in the United States. The U.S. Census definition of race is often applied in biomedical research in the United States. According to the Census Bureau in 201
[48] [49] The disparities in access to adequate healthcare include differences in the quality of care based on race and overall insurance coverage based on race. A 2002 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association identifies race as a significant determinant in the level of quality of care, with Black people receiving lower quality ...
The large differences in wealth in the parent-generations were a dominant factor in prediction the differences between African American and white American prospective inheritances. [27] Avery and Rendall used 1989 SCF data to discover that the mean value in 2002 of white Americans' inheritances was 5.46 times that of African Americans ...
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.