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Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the small intestine and large intestine.
People with Barrett's esophagus (a change in the cells lining the lower esophagus) are at much higher risk, [55] and may receive regular endoscopic screening for the early signs of cancer. [56] Because the benefit of screening for adenocarcinoma in people without symptoms is unclear, [2] it is not recommended in the United States. [1]
Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus, ... Risk factors for progression of gastric intestinal metaplasia to full blown cancer are smoking and family history. [5]
In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett's esophagus may arise. [6] Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, and taking certain medications.
Some people also experience a sensation known as globus esophagus, where it feels as if a ball is lodged in the lower part of the esophagus. The following are additional diseases and conditions that affect the esophagus: Achalasia [1] Acute esophageal necrosis; Barrett's esophagus; Boerhaave syndrome; Caustic injury to the esophagus; Chagas disease
There are several established risk factors for OGJ adenocarcinoma. The biggest risk factors include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's oesophagus. Other risk factors include smoking (with a twofold-increase) and obesity. [3]
Barrett's esophagus is the dominant pre-malignant lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma, [18] and has prevalent epigenetic alterations. [ 19 ] Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas may occur as second primary tumors associated with head and neck cancer , due to field cancerization (i.e. a regional reaction to long-term carcinogenic exposure).
There are no specific symptoms although symptoms of GERD may be present for years prior as it is associated with a 10–15% risk of Barrett's esophagus. [22] Risk factors include chronic GERD for more than 5 years, being age 50 or older, being non-Hispanic white, being male, having a family history of this disorder, belly fat, and a history of ...