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The Greek Civil War: Essays on a Conflict of Exceptionalism and Silences (Routledge, 2017). Stavrakis, Peter J. Moscow and Greek Communism, 1944–1949 (Cornell University Press, 1989) excerpt. Tsoutsoumpis, Spyros. "The Will to Fight: Combat, Morale, and the Experience of National Army Soldiers during the Greek Civil War, 1946–1949."
The occupation of Greece by the Axis Powers (Greek: Η Κατοχή, romanized: I Katochi, lit. 'the occupation') began in April 1941 after Nazi Germany invaded the Kingdom of Greece in order to assist its ally, Italy, in their ongoing war that was initiated in October 1940, having encountered major strategical difficulties.
The number of 600,000 victims of the "great hunger" is mentioned in the entry dated 5 February 1942 of a "short diary of the resistance" (p. 118). An estimated 300,000 people died in the Great Famine (Greece) in 1941–1944. BBC News estimates Greece suffered at least 250,000 dead during the Axis occupation. [1]
Συνοπτική Ιστορία της Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941-1944 [Concise History of the National Resistance, 1941-1944] (in Greek). Athens: Kapopoulos. Hart, Janet (Fall 1990). "Women in the Greek Resistance: National Crisis and Political Transformation". International Labor and Working-Class History.
1944, 3 December: "Dekemvriana" (December events). 28 people are killed by British troops and policemen in Athens. 1944, 4 December: George Papandreou attempts to resign. 1944, 12 December: ELAS controls most of Athens and its environs. 1945 12 February: EAM and the Greek Government sign a peace agreement to end fighting.
After the Greek mainland was liberated (October 1944), the Sacred Squadron returned to Greece, where strains were becoming evident in the relationship of George Papandreou's British-backed national unity government and the leftist National Liberation Front (EAM), which controlled most of the Greek countryside.
There are signs of civil war in Greece as the Communist-controlled National Liberation Front and the British-backed government seem irreconcilable. 28: Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt Jr., dead of a heart attack on 12 July 1944, is posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his leadership and actions on D-Day at Utah Beach.
On 1 December 1944, the Greek government of "National Unity" under Georgios Papandreou and Lt. General Scobie (British head of the Allied forces in Greece at that time) announced an ultimatum for the general disarmament of all guerrilla forces by 10 December, excluding those allied to the government (the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade and the ...