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The AIM-120 [a] Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) (/ æ m r æ m / AM-ram) is an American beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile capable of all-weather day-and-night operations. It uses active transmit-receive radar guidance instead of semi-active receive-only radar guidance.
The SLAMRAAM (Surface Launched AMRAAM) was the United States Army program to develop a Humvee-based surface-to-air missile launcher for the AIM-120 AMRAAM missile, manufactured by Raytheon Technologies and Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace. Surface-launched AMRAAM missile was first used in Kongsberg's NASAMS air defense system, fielded in 1995.
AIM-120 AMRAAM air-air missile developed at the Air Armament Center. Active: 16 October 1943 – 18 July 2012: Country: United States: Branch: United States Air Force ...
The AIM-54 Phoenix was the United States' only operational long-range AAM during its service life; its operational capabilities were supplemented by the AIM-7 Sparrow (and later, the AIM-120 AMRAAM), which served as the primary medium-range AAM and the AIM-9 Sidewinder, serving as the primary short-range or "dogfight" AAM.
NASAMS was the first application of a surface-launched AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile). NASAMS 2 is an upgraded version of the system capable of using Link 16, which has been operational since 2007. As of 2022, NASAMS 3 is the latest upgrade.
A 2020 Royal United Services Institute report said this missile, a follow-on to the PL-12, has a small, active radar seeker "and outranges the US-made AIM-120C/D AMRAAM series."
First successful test of AIM-120 AMRAAM at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 1982. Early air-to-air missiles used semi-active radar homing guidance, that is the missile used the radiation produced by the launching aircraft to guide it to the target. The latest generation of BVR missiles use a combination of semi-active and active radar.
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