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Figure 1: A de Laval nozzle, showing approximate flow velocity increasing from green to red in the direction of flow Density flow in a nozzle. A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high supersonic velocities.
If under or overexpanded then loss of efficiency occurs. Grossly overexpanded nozzles have improved efficiency, but the exhaust jet is unstable. Conventional nozzles become progressively more underexpanded as they gain altitude. [1]
Diagram of a de Laval nozzle, showing approximate flow velocity (v), together with the effect on temperature (T) and pressure (p) A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube which is pinched in the middle, with a rapid convergence and gradual divergence.
Impingement mixing is most effective when it occurs at the center of the mixing chamber. [1] [2] Thermosetting plastics cure by a chemical reaction between two resins. The resins must be mixed immediately before they are injected into a mold. The mixing can be done by impingement mixing, where two streams to collide at high velocity in a mixing ...
Jet noise may be reduced by adding features to the exit of the nozzle which increase the surface area of the cylindrical jet. Commercial turbojets and early by-pass engines typically split the jet into multiple lobes. Modern high by-pass turbofans have triangular serrations, called chevrons, which protrude slightly into the propelling jet.
XRS-2200 linear aerospike engine for the X-33 program being tested at the Stennis Space Center. The aerospike engine is a type of rocket engine that maintains its aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of altitudes. [1]
Shock diamonds are the bright areas seen in the exhaust of this statically mounted Pratt & Whitney J58 engine on full afterburner.. Shock diamonds (also known as Mach diamonds or thrust diamonds, and less commonly Mach disks) are a formation of standing wave patterns that appear in the supersonic exhaust plume of an aerospace propulsion system, such as a supersonic jet engine, rocket, ramjet ...
Contour animation of the mole fraction variation (from 0.025 to 0.05) of a Natural Gas jet as it impinges a steel tank done through CFD.. A high pressure jet is a stream of pressurized fluid that is released from an environment at a significantly higher pressure than ambient pressure from a nozzle or orifice, due to operational or accidental release. [1]