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Apart from these constitutional requirements, a Senate rule (except in cases covered by the nuclear option, or of a rule change) requires an absolute supermajority of three-fifths to move to a vote through a cloture motion, which closes debate on a bill or nomination, thus ending a filibuster by a minority of members. In current practice, the ...
A qualified majority (also a supermajority) is a number of votes above a specified percentage (e.g. two-thirds); a relative majority (also a plurality) is the number of votes obtained that is greater than any other option.
Under supermajority rules, a minority needs its own supermajority to overturn a decision. [5] To support the view that majority rule protects minority rights better than supermajority rules, McGann pointed to the cloture rule in the US Senate, which was used to prevent the extension of civil liberties to racial minorities. [5]
^May, Kenneth O. 1952. "A set of independent necessary and sufficient conditions for simple majority decisions", Econometrica, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 680–684. JSTOR 1907651; ^ Mark Fey, "May’s Theorem with an Infinite Population", Social Choice and Welfare, 2004, Vol. 23, issue 2, pages 275–293.; ^ Goodin, Robert and Christian List (2006). "A conditional defense of plurality rule ...
Supermajority rules can avoid Arrow's theorem at the cost of being poorly-decisive (i.e. frequently failing to return a result). In this case, a threshold that requires a 2 / 3 {\displaystyle 2/3} majority for ordering 3 outcomes, 3 / 4 {\displaystyle 3/4} for 4, etc. does not produce voting paradoxes .
In the United States Senate, the nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the Senate to override a standing rule by a simple majority, avoiding the two-thirds [1] supermajority normally required to invoke cloture on a measure amending the Standing Rules.
The procedure overrides the Senate's filibuster rules, which may otherwise require a 60-vote supermajority for passage. Bills described as reconciliation bills can pass the Senate by a simple majority of 51 votes or 50 votes plus the vice president's as the tie-breaker.
The majority jackpot system (MJS), also known as a majority-minority apportionment, is a mixed-member majoritarian and conditional voting rule. [1] It produces subproportional representation by fixing the final apportionment for a party or alliance that wins a majority of the vote at some level (e.g. 55% of the seats).