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A low efficacy-based therapeutic index and a high safety-based therapeutic index are preferable for a drug to have a favorable efficacy vs safety profile. At the early discovery/development stage, the clinical TI of a drug candidate is unknown.
Lamotrigine is metabolized predominantly by glucuronic acid conjugation. Its major metabolite is an inactive 2-n-glucuronide conjugate. [82] Lamotrigine has fewer drug interactions than many anticonvulsant drugs, although pharmacokinetic interactions with carbamazepine, phenytoin and other hepatic enzyme-inducing medications may shorten half ...
Lamotrigine: Lamictal Levetiracetam: Keppra Lithium salts: Camcolit, Eskalith, Lithobid, Sedalit Oxcarbazepine: Trileptal Topiramate: Topamax Sodium valproate [note 1] Convulex, Depakene, Depakine Enteric, Orfiril, Stavzor Divalproex sodium [note 2] Depakote, Epival, Ergenyl Chrono Sodium valproate and valproic acid in 2.3:1 ratio
The therapeutic index (TI) is used to quantify the risks and benefits of a certain drug. It describes the relationship between toxic dose and minimum effective dose, thus providing an important insight into the safety of a drug. [35] The Therapeutic Index is calculated using the following equation:
In 2018, a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs showed escitalopram to be one of the most effective. They showed that "In terms of efficacy, all antidepressants were more effective than placebo, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging between 2.13 (95% credible interval [CrI] 1. ...
Due to lithium's narrow therapeutic index, lithium levels must be monitored regularly for prevention of lithium toxicity. There is also evidence that the anticonvulsants valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and topiramate are effective in the reduction of symptoms of hypomanic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder.
A review that considered berberine’s effects on heart health found some studies supporting this claim, but due to the high risk of bias, the researchers recommended more clinical trials be ...
A stimulant is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system, increasing arousal, attention and endurance. Stimulants are used in psychiatry to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Because the medications can be addictive, patients with a history of drug abuse are typically monitored closely or treated with a non-stimulant.