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One such molecule may be protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), a persistently active kinase whose synthesis increases following LTP induction. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] PKMζ is an atypical isoform of PKC that lacks a regulatory subunit and thus remains constitutively active. [ 41 ]
ARC mRNA is localized to activated synaptic sites in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner, [6] [7] where the newly translated protein is believed to play a critical role in learning and memory-related molecular processes. [8] Arc protein is widely considered to be important in neurobiology because of its activity regulation, localization, and ...
With NGF treatment, cells increased protein synthesis and creation of ribosomes. This method allows the analysis of all of the protein patterns overall, rather than a single change in an amino acid. Western blots confirmed the results, according to the researchers, though the changes in proteins were not as obvious in their protocol.
Two molecular mechanisms for synaptic plasticity involve the NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. Opening of NMDA channels (which relates to the level of cellular depolarization) leads to a rise in post-synaptic Ca 2+ concentration and this has been linked to long-term potentiation, LTP (as well as to protein kinase activation); strong depolarization of the post-synaptic cell completely ...
Protein synthesis inhibitors are a class of antibiotics, which prevent the production of new proteins by inhibiting the cell's gene expression ("Protein synthesis inhibitors", PSI). They generally operate at the ribosomal level through various mechanisms that prevent the ribosome from completing translation. [5]
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject covers topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics and epigenetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and ...
Peripheral myelin protein 22 has been shown to interact with myelin protein zero, with the proteins forming complexes in myelin. [14] Transcription factors SOX10 and EGR2 have been found to increase the expression of PMP22 through a super-enhancer upstream of the gene. [ 13 ]
Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) is a protein encoded by the GAP43 gene [5] in humans. GAP43 is called a "growth" or "plasticity" protein because it is expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during development [ 6 ] and axonal regeneration, and it is phosphorylated after long-term potentiation and after learning.