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  2. List of paradoxes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paradoxes

    Grice's paradox: Shows that the exact meaning of statements involving conditionals and probabilities is more complicated than may be obvious on casual examination. Intransitive dice : One can have three dice, called A, B, and C, such that A is likely to win in a roll against B, B is likely to win in a roll against C, and C is likely to win in a ...

  3. Paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox

    A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. [1] [2] It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion.

  4. Temporal paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_paradox

    A bootstrap paradox, also known as an information loop, an information paradox, [6] an ontological paradox, [7] or a "predestination paradox" is a paradox of time travel that occurs when any event, such as an action, information, an object, or a person, ultimately causes itself, as a consequence of either retrocausality or time travel. [8] [9 ...

  5. Black hole information paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox

    The information paradox appears when one considers a process in which a black hole is formed through a physical process and then evaporates away entirely through Hawking radiation. Hawking's calculation suggests that the final state of radiation would retain information only about the total mass, electric charge and angular momentum of the ...

  6. Ship of Theseus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus

    The Ship of Theseus, also known as Theseus's Paradox, is a paradox and a common thought experiment about whether an object is the same object after having all of its original components replaced over time, typically one after the other.

  7. Fermi paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 January 2025. Problem of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood This article is about the absence of clear evidence of extraterrestrial life. For a type of estimation problem, see Fermi problem. Enrico Fermi (Los Alamos 1945) The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between ...

  8. Unexpected hanging paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unexpected_hanging_paradox

    The unexpected hanging paradox or surprise test paradox is a paradox about a person's expectations about the timing of a future event which they are told will occur at an unexpected time. The paradox is variously applied to a prisoner's hanging or a surprise school test.

  9. Paradox (literature) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_(literature)

    In literature, the paradox is an anomalous juxtaposition of incongruous ideas for the sake of striking exposition or unexpected insight. It functions as a method of literary composition and analysis that involves examining apparently contradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to explain their presence.