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  2. Malicious prosecution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malicious_prosecution

    Malicious prosecution is a common law intentional tort.Like the tort of abuse of process, its elements include (1) intentionally (and maliciously) instituting and pursuing (or causing to be instituted or pursued) a legal action (civil or criminal) that is (2) brought without probable cause and (3) dismissed in favor of the victim of the malicious prosecution.

  3. Benefit of clergy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit_of_clergy

    Thus, an illiterate person who had memorized the appropriate Psalm could also claim the benefit of clergy. Psalm 51:3 became known as the "neck verse" because knowing it could "save one's neck" (an idiom for "save one's life") by transferring the case from a secular court, where hanging was a likely sentence, to an ecclesiastical court, where ...

  4. Robert Tappan Morris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Tappan_Morris

    Morris was prosecuted for releasing the worm, and became the first person convicted under the then-new Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). [ 1 ] [ 5 ] He went on to cofound the online store Viaweb , one of the first web applications , [ 6 ] and later the venture capital funding firm Y Combinator , both with Paul Graham and Trevor Blackwell .

  5. Tort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort

    A wrong became known as a tort or trespass, and there arose a division between civil pleas and pleas of the crown. [10] The petty assizes (i.e. of novel disseisin, of mort d'ancestor, and of darrein presentment) were established in 1166 as a remedy for interference with possession of freehold land.

  6. Criminal law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_law

    Intention under criminal law is separate from a person's motive [22] (although motive does not exist in Scots law). [23] A lower threshold of mens rea is satisfied when a defendant recognizes an act is dangerous but decides to commit it anyway. This is recklessness. It is the mental state of mind of the person at the time the actus reus was ...

  7. Corpus delicti - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_delicti

    Corpus delicti (Latin for "body of the crime"; plural: corpora delicti), in Western law, is the principle that a crime must be proven to have occurred before a person could be convicted of having committed that crime. For example, a person cannot be tried for larceny unless it can be proven that

  8. Miscarriage of justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice

    The headstone of Timothy Evans, who was wrongfully convicted and executed for two murders that had been committed by his neighbour John Christie. A miscarriage of justice occurs when an unfair outcome occurs in a criminal or civil proceeding, [1] such as the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit. [2]

  9. Barratry (common law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barratry_(common_law)

    Barratry (/ ˈ b ær ə t r i / BARR-ə-tree, from Old French barat ("deceit, trickery")) is a legal term that, at common law, described a criminal offense committed by people who are overly officious in instigating or encouraging prosecution of groundless litigation, [1] or who bring repeated or persistent acts of litigation for the purposes of profit or harassment.