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The dry-bulb temperature (DBT) is the temperature of air measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air, but shielded from radiation. [1] The dry-bulb temperature is the temperature that is usually thought of as air temperature, and it is the true thermodynamic temperature. It is directly proportional to the mean kinetic energy of the air ...
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]
During the test the person inhales a test gas mixture that consisting of regular air that includes an inert tracer gas and CO, less than one percent. Since hemoglobin has a greater affinity to CO than oxygen the breath-hold time can be only 10 seconds, which is a sufficient amount of time for this transfer of CO to occur.
The representation is made on a temperature-relative humidity, instead of a standard psychrometric chart. The comfort zone in blue represents the 90% of acceptability, which means the conditions between -0.5 and +0.5 PMV, or PPD < 10%.
Asymmetry in chest expansion may be due to disease of lung or pleura. [14] Place the bony parts of the palm around the borders of the patient's scapulae while he or she says "ninety-nine" or "one one one" to test for fremitus. Repeat the sequence on the front of the chest.
Fever is considered temperature of 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) or above. [13] Other causes of elevated temperature include hyperthermia, which results from unregulated heat generation or abnormalities in the body's heat exchange mechanisms. [13] Temperature depression (hypothermia) also needs to be evaluated. Hypothermia is classified as temperature ...
A nitrogen washout can be performed with a single nitrogen breath, or multiple ones. Both tests use similar tools, both can estimate functional residual capacity and the degree of nonuniformity of gas distribution in the lungs, but the multiple-breath test more accurately measures absolute lung volumes. [1]
The helium dilution technique is the way of measuring the functional residual capacity of the lungs (the volume left in the lungs after normal expiration). This technique is a closed-circuit system where a spirometer is filled with a mixture of helium (He) and oxygen. The amount of He in the spirometer is known at the beginning of the test ...