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An r-colored or rhotic vowel (also called a retroflex vowel, vocalic r, or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in a way that results in a lowering in frequency of the third formant. [1] R-colored vowels can be articulated in various ways: the tip or blade of the tongue may be turned up during at least part of the articulation of the ...
All of the non-erhua r-colored syllables have no initial consonant, and are traditionally pronounced in Beijing dialect and in conservative varieties. In the recent decades, the vowel in the toned syllable er , especially èr , has been lowered in many accents, making the syllable come to approach or acquire a quality like ar —i.e. [äʵ ...
r: r: alveolar trill: any rhotic sound (including r-colored vowels) broad transcription ʀ or R: small capital or uppercase r: long vowel or prolonged moraic N ː: used by Japanologists. This symbol represents phonemic long vowel (such as / aʀ /) or / aR /) or rarely prolonged moraic N (hatsuon). ᴙ: reversed small capital r: voiced ...
In Scottish English, /r/ is traditionally pronounced as a flap or trill , and there are no r-colored vowels. In non-rhotic dialects like Received Pronunciation (RP), historic /r/ is elided at the end of a syllable , and if the preceding vowel is stressed, it undergoes compensatory lengthening or breaking (diphthongization).
[a] When an r is at the end of a word but the next word begins with a vowel, as in the phrase "better apples," most non-rhotic speakers will preserve the /r/ in that position (the linking R), because it is followed by a vowel. [5] The rhotic dialects of English include most of those in Scotland, Ireland, the United States, and Canada.
The vowel of NURSE is generally always r-colored in these dialects, and this can be written [ɚ] (or as a syllabic [ɹ̩]). In modern RP and other dialects, many words from the CURE group are coming to be pronounced by an increasing number of speakers with the NORTH vowel (so sure is often pronounced like shore ).
As a rime it's an apical vowel that is frequently coarticulated with a close near-back unrounded vowel /ɨ̟/ (thus phonetically [ɻ̺͢ɨ̟͡ɻ̺̞̍˥˩ku̯ɑ͢ŋ˥], but this phonetic representation should be avoided as the tie-bar for coarticulation may be misunderstood as a sliding into an erhua rhotic vowel, a phonemically distinct ...
In most General American, /r/ is [ɹ] before a vowel, but when not followed by a vowel is generally realized as an r-colored vowel, [ɚ], or as r-coloring on the preceding vowel. In many accents of English, including RP, /r/ is lost altogether when not followed by a vowel – for this, see rhoticity in English (and for related phenomena ...