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Coronary vasospasm refers to when a coronary artery suddenly undergoes either complete or sub-total temporary occlusion. [ 1 ] In 1959, Prinzmetal et al. described a type of chest pain resulting from coronary vasospasm, referring to it as a variant form of classical angina pectoris . [ 2 ]
Complaints of chest pain should be immediately checked for an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG changes compatible but not indicative of variant angina include elevations rather than depressions of the ST segment or an elevated ST segment plus a widening of the R wave to create a single, broad QRS complex peak termed the "monophasic curve". [4]
As of 2014, no treatment strategy has yet been investigated in a randomized clinical trial. [1] Verapamil, nimodipine, and other calcium channel blockers may help reduce the intensity and frequency of the headaches. [1] A clinician may recommend rest and the avoidance of activities or vasoactive drugs which trigger symptoms (see § Causes). [1]
An example of an ECG tracing typical of uncommon AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Highlighted in yellow is the P wave that falls after the QRS complex. Specialty: Cardiology: Symptoms: Palpitations, chest tightness, neck pulsation: Diagnostic method: electrocardiogram, electrophysiological study: Differential diagnosis
Prompt diagnosis and treatment is the key to survival with tamponade. Some pre-hospital providers will have facilities to provide pericardiocentesis , which can be life-saving. If the person has already suffered a cardiac arrest , pericardiocentesis alone cannot ensure survival, and so rapid evacuation to a hospital is usually the more ...
Vasospasm refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction. This can lead to tissue ischemia (insufficient blood flow) and tissue death ( necrosis ). Along with physical resistance, vasospasm is a main cause of ischemia.
Globally, head and neck cancer accounts for 650,000 new cases of cancer and 330,000 deaths annually on average. In 2018, it was the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with 890,000 new cases documented and 450,000 people dying from the disease. [12] The risk of developing head and neck cancer increases with age, especially after 50 years.
Diffuse esophageal spasm: Unlike cardiac chest pain, esophageal pain is not related to activity. The pain is usually associated with swallowing of hot or cold water. [11] Esophageal rupture: Those affected usually complain of sudden, severe, and constant pain that starts from the neck to the upper abdomen. The pain is aggravated by swallowing.