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Curvilinear barrel distortion Curvilinear pincushion distortion. Curvilinear perspective, also five-point perspective, is a graphical projection used to draw 3D objects on 2D surfaces, for which (straight) lines on the 3D object are projected to curves on the 2D surface that are typically not straight (hence the qualifier "curvilinear" [citation needed]).
Linear or point-projection perspective (from Latin perspicere 'to see through') is one of two types of graphical projection perspective in the graphic arts; the other is parallel projection. [ citation needed ] [ dubious – discuss ] Linear perspective is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by ...
An illustration of the five-point stencil in one and two dimensions (top, and bottom, respectively). In numerical analysis, given a square grid in one or two dimensions, the five-point stencil of a point in the grid is a stencil made up of the point itself together with its four "neighbors".
The term cabinet projection (sometimes cabinet perspective) stems from its use in illustrations by the furniture industry. [citation needed] Like cavalier perspective, one face of the projected object is parallel to the viewing plane, and the third axis is projected as going off in an angle (typically 30° or 45° or arctan(2) = 63.4°). Unlike ...
In 5-point perspective the vanishing points are mapped into a circle with 4 vanishing points at the cardinal headings N, W, S, E and one at the circle's origin. A reverse perspective is a drawing with vanishing points that are placed outside the painting with the illusion that they are "in front of" the painting.
The lines connecting these points are commonly referred to as projectors. The centre of projection can be thought of as the location of the observer, while the plane of projection is the surface on which the two dimensional projected image of the scene is recorded or from which it is viewed (e.g., photographic negative, photographic print ...
If each of the perspective figures consists of all the points on a line (a range) then transformation of the points of one range to the other is called a central perspectivity. A dual transformation, taking all the lines through a point (a pencil) to another pencil by means of an axis of perspectivity is called an axial perspectivity. [2]
Consequently, a general curvilinear coordinate system has two sets of basis vectors for every point: {b 1, b 2, b 3} is the contravariant basis, and {b 1, b 2, b 3} is the covariant (a.k.a. reciprocal) basis. The covariant and contravariant basis vectors types have identical direction for orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems, but as usual ...