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Criticism should focus first on providing correct information and secondarily on explaining why the false information is wrong, rather than focusing on the speaker or repeating the false narrative. [148] [143] [155] In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple factors created "space for misinformation to proliferate".
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact" [23] According to a 2023 ...
Social media platforms allow for easy spread of misinformation. Post-election surveys in 2016 suggest that many individuals who intake false information on social media believe them to be factual. [33] The specific reasons why misinformation spreads through social media so easily remain unknown.
Here's an easy example. Consider you are surfing the web and find a news article that, unbeknownst to you, contains false claims about the president. You share it with your followers on social media.
Another issue in mainstream media is the usage of the filter bubble, a "bubble" that has been created that gives the viewer, on social media platforms, a specific piece of the information knowing they will like it. Thus creating fake news and biased news because only half the story is being shared, the portion the viewer liked.
Social media literacy is a sub-set of media literacy and is an important layer to add to the conversation in a time when deep-fake videos and AI-generated content are ubiquitous.
Journalism ethics and standards – Principles of ethics and of good practice in journalism; Post-truth politics – Political culture where facts are considered irrelevant; Pseudohistory – Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record; Selective exposure theory – Theory within the practice of psychology
At first, the illusory truth effect was believed to occur only when individuals are highly uncertain about a given statement. [1] Psychologists also assumed that "outlandish" headlines wouldn't produce this effect however, recent research shows the illusory truth effect is indeed at play with false news. [5]