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  2. Isotopic analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_analysis_by...

    Interpretation of results and report on the authenticity At each step of the SNIF-NMR analysis, efforts should be made to avoid parasite isotopic fractionation. Control measures such as determining the alcoholic strength of the intermediate products of the analysis (fermented juice or distillate) are performed on each sample.

  3. Resonance Raman spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_Raman_spectroscopy

    Like ordinary Raman spectroscopy, resonance Raman is compatible with samples in water, which has a very weak scattering intensity and little contribution to spectra. However, the need for an excitation laser with a wavelength matching that of an electronic transition in the analyte of interest somewhat limits the applicability of the method. [8]

  4. Mass spectral interpretation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectral_interpretation

    Identification of the molecular ion can be difficult. Examining organic compounds, the relative intensity of the molecular ion peak diminishes with branching and with increasing mass in a homologous series. In the spectrum for toluene for example, the molecular ion peak is located at 92 m/z corresponding to its molecular mass. Molecular ion ...

  5. Raman spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_spectroscopy

    Energy-level diagram showing the states involved in Raman spectra. Raman spectroscopy (/ ˈ r ɑː m ən /) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. [1]

  6. Mass spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry

    A mass spectrum is a type of plot of the ion signal as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. These spectra are used to determine the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical identity or structure of molecules and other chemical compounds. Discovery of Neon Isotopes

  7. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance...

    Protein NMR utilizes multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to obtain information about the protein. Ideally, each distinct nucleus in the molecule experiences a distinct electronic environment and thus has a distinct chemical shift by which it can be recognized. However, in large molecules such as proteins the number of ...

  8. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nucleic acids

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance...

    Nucleic acid NMR is the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA or RNA.It is useful for molecules of up to 100 nucleotides, and as of 2003, nearly half of all known RNA structures had been determined by NMR spectroscopy.

  9. Nucleic acid structure determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure...

    Nucleotide analog interference mapping (NAIM) is the process of using nucleotide analogs, molecules that are similar in some ways to nucleotides but lack function, to determine the importance of a functional group at each location of an RNA molecule. [39] [40] The process of NAIM is to insert a single nucleotide analog into a unique site.