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A police certificate is also known as good citizen certificate (in Hong Kong), good conduct certificate, police clearance certificate, national police history check (in Australia), certificate of good character/good character certificate (Caribbean), or judicial record extracts.
An interim clearance may be denied (although the final clearance may still be granted) for having a large amount of debt, [40] having a foreign spouse, for having admitted to seeing a doctor for a mental health condition, or for having admitted to other items of security concern (such as a criminal record or a history of drug use.). When ...
Background checks are also used to thoroughly investigate potential government employees to be given a security clearance. [3] However, these checks can sometimes be used for illegal purposes, such as unlawful discrimination (or employment discrimination ), identity theft , and violation of privacy .
Homicide clearance rate in the USA has been decreasing from 93% in 1962 to 54% in 2020. [2] Some U.S. police forces have been criticized for overuse of "exceptional clearance", which is intended to classify as "cleared" cases where probable cause to arrest a suspect exists, but police are unable to do so for reasons outside their control (such as death or incarceration in a foreign country).
Individuals in Australia can obtain a national criminal history to check themselves, and certain organisations can apply for one on their behalf. A person may be required to undergo a criminal record check for a variety of reasons, including employment screening, volunteer work, preparing for a court appearance, visa applications, firearms licensing, or to satisfy a statutory requirement.
Obtaining such clearance requires, in part, a Single Scope Background Investigation (SSBI) which is conducted under the manuals of the U.S. Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency. Individuals with Yankee White clearance undergo extensive background investigation.
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The term "security clearance" is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to vet employees for access to sensitive information. A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access; the organization must also determine that the cleared individual needs to know specific information. No individual is ...