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The Thirty Years' War, [j] from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. Fought primarily in Central Europe , an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. [ 19 ]
Ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War, and establishes the principle of the sovereignty of nations in use today. Treaty of Concordia [note 61] Divides the island of Saint Martin between France and the Netherlands. 1649 Peace of Rueil: Ends the opening episodes of the Fronde, France's civil war. Treaty of Zboriv
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30 BC – Battle of Alexandria. 29 BC – Augustus takes city. Cornelius Gallus first prefect of Egypt. 25 BC – Strabo, the Greek geographer and philosopher, visits Alexandria. 19 AD – Germanicus resident in city. Alexandria, 16th century. 38 AD – Pogrom against Jews. 115 AD – City sacked during a Jewish revolt. Possible genocide.
View history; Tools. Tools. move to sidebar hide. Actions ... Thirty Years' War treaties; Torstenson War; Treaty of Naples (1639) Treaty of Stettin (1653) ...
Europe had been battered by both the Thirty Years' War and the overlapping Eighty Years' War (begun c. 1568), exacting a heavy toll in money and lives. The Eighty Years' War was a prolonged struggle for the independence of the Protestant-majority Dutch Republic (the modern Netherlands), supported by Protestant-majority England, against Catholic-dominated Spain and Portugal.
The Peace of Prague [c], dated 30 May 1635 Old Style, was a significant turning point in the Thirty Years' War.Signed by John George I, Elector of Saxony, and Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, the terms ended Saxony's support for the anti-Imperial coalition led by Sweden.
The Thirty Years' Peace was a treaty signed between the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta in 446/445 BC. The treaty brought an end to the conflict commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War , which had been raging since c. 460 BC.